Writing a Personal Journal

Composing a Personal Journal A diary is a set up account of episodes, encounters, and thoughts. Otherwise called aâ personal journal,â notebook, journal, and log. Authors regularly keep diaries to record perceptions and investigate thoughts that may in the end be formed into increasingly formal papers, articles, and stories. Theâ personal diary isâ a extremely private report, says Brian Alleyne, a spot where the creator records and thinks about lifes occasions. Information on the self in theâ personal diary isâ retrospective information and in this manner possibly account self-information (Narrative Networks, 2015). Perceptions The essayists diary is a record of and exercise manual for your career as a writer. It is your storehouse for bits of experience, perception and thought bound for inevitable use in some composing venture. The sections in an individual diary will in general be dynamic, however the passages in an authors diary ought to be concrete. (Alice Orr, No More Rejections. Authors Digest Books, 2004)All of us who keep diaries do as such for various reasons, I assume, however we should share practically speaking an interest with the amazing examples that rise throughout the years-a kind of arabesque wherein certain components show up and return, similar to the plans in a well-created novel. (Joyce Carol Oates, met by Robert Phillips. The Paris Review, Fall-Winter 1978)Think nothing too piddling to even think about writing down, so it be in the littlest degree trademark. You will be astounded to discover on reperusing your diary what a significance and realistic force these little points of intere st expect. (Nathaniel Hawthorne, letter to Horatio Bridge, May 3, 1843) Writer Stephen Spender: Write Anything I feel just as I was unable to compose once more. Words appear to break in my psyche like sticks when I put them down in writing. . . . I should put out my hands and handle the bunches of realities. How unprecedented they are! The aluminum inflatables appear nailed into the sky like those jolts which hold together the lighting swaggers between the wings of a biplane. The roads become increasingly abandoned, and the West End is brimming with shops to let. Sandbags are laid over the glass asphalts over storm cellars along the walkway. . . . The best thing is to compose anything, anything that comes into my psyche until there is a quiet and inventive day. It is basic to be quiet and to recollect that nothing one feels is the final word. (Stephen Spender, Journal, London, September 1939) Orwells Notebook Entry Inquisitive impact, here in the sanatorium, on Easter Sunday, when individuals in this (the most costly) square of chalets for the most part have guests, of hearing huge quantities of high society English voices. . . . What's more, what voices! A kind of over-fedness, an inane fearlessness, a steady bah-bahing of chuckling abt nothing, over every one of the a kind of largeness and wealth joined with a crucial hostility. (George Orwell, scratch pad passage for April 17, 1949, Collected Essays 1945-1950) Elements of a Journal Numerous expert essayists use diaries, and the propensity is a decent one for anyone keen on composing, regardless of whether the person has no abstract aspirations. Diaries store recognitions, thoughts, feelings, activities all future material for papers or stories. The Journals of Henry Thoreau are a well known model, just like A Writers Diary by Virginia Woolf, the Notebooks of the French author Albert Camus, and A War-time Diary by the English essayist George Orwell. In the event that a diary is truly to enable you to create as an essayist, youve got the opportunity to accomplish more than make trite commonplaces or precisely list what happens every day. You need to look sincerely and newly at your general surroundings and at the self inside. (Thomas S. Kane, The New Oxford Guide to Writing. Oxford University Press, 1988) Thoreaus Journals As storehouses of realities, Thoreaus diaries act like an authors stockroom wherein he lists his put away perceptions. Here is a commonplace rundown: It happens to me that these marvels happen at the same time, say June 12, viz:Heat around 85 at 2P.M. Genuine summer. Hylodes stop to peep. Murmuring frogs ( Rana palustris) stop. Lightning bugs originally observed. Bullfrogs trump for the most part. Mosquitoes start to be extremely problematic. Evening thunder-showers practically normal. Lay down with open window (tenth), and wear ragged coat and strip neck. Turtles reasonably and by and large started to lay. [15 June 1860] Notwithstanding their capacity as capacity, the diaries establish a complex of preparing plants too, where the documentations become depictions, reflections, ruminations, decisions, and different sorts of studies: From all purposes of the compass, from the earth underneath and the sky above, have come these motivations and been entered properly in the request for appearance in the diary. From that point, when the time showed up, they were winnowed into addresses, and once more, in due time, from addresses into articles (1845-1847). So, in the diaries, Thoreau arranges the change of realities into types of composed articulations that have completely various requests of reverberation . . .. (Robert E. Belknap, The List: The Uses and Pleasures of Cataloging. Yale University Press, 2004) A Contrarians View Individuals ask whether I utilize a scratch pad, and the appropriate response is no. I think a scholars scratch pad is the most ideal route there is to deify downright terrible thoughts, while the Darwinian procedure happens on the off chance that you dont record anything. The terrible ones buoy away, and the great ones remain. (Stephen King, cited in Whats on Stephen Kings Dark Side? by Brian Truitt. USA Weekend, Octoberâ 29-31, 2010) Are Journal-Keepers Introspective or Self-Absorbed? A few people like to keep a diary. A few people think it’s a poorly conceived notion. Individuals who keep a diary regularly consider it to be a piece of the procedure of self-understanding and self-awareness. They don’t need bits of knowledge and occasions to sneak past their brains. They think with their fingers and need to write to process encounters and become mindful of their emotions. Individuals who restrict diary hushing up about dread it contributes ingestion and narcissism. C.S. Lewis, who kept a diary on occasion, expected that it simply disturbed misery and fortified mental issues. Gen. George Marshall didn't keep a journal during World War II since he figured it would prompt self-double dealing or delay in arriving at choices. The inquiry is: How would you prevail with regards to being thoughtful without acting naturally ingested? (David Brooks, Introspective or Narcissistic? The New York Times, August 7, 2014)

Business plan proposed by Andrey, Tolebi, Hieu and Tair ATHT Pub Term Paper

Field-tested strategy proposed by Andrey, Tolebi, Hieu and Tair ATHT Pub - Term Paper Example It would be simpler for clients who go to the bar to utilize the additional office inside the bar. The potential clients will be steadfast clients of the bar and other invested individuals who might not be clients of the bar. There is a probability that this administration will be paid for by the bar clients. This is a direct result of its area inside an open spot. The administration will be new yet will be set up in a notable bar, and it will appreciate the advantages of a decent name of the bar. Clients who go to the bar will become more acquainted with about it and are probably going to utilize it. Clients would likewise don't hesitate to utilize it since it is inside a spot that they comprehend and trust to give quality items and administrations. The spot would likewise be situated close to the college and the majority of its clients would be the college understudies. ATHT venture has confirmed that most college understudies and others who visit the bar would require an open spot . The best area would be simply inside the known bar. The entire set up would require about would require a measure of cash near $60,000. This would be the underlying capital that would be utilized to set up the furniture inside the bar zone where occasions will be occurring. Progressing financing that would be required would serve to include offices set up. This would be from the reserve funds made e from the deals of the Public house (Pratt 2011, 181). This is a thought that would be beneficial inside a brief timeframe on the grounds that the utilization of the administrations it would give and its area. ATHT undertaking restricted proposes to set up this open house to give the clients new administrations. INDIVIDUAL WRITTEN WORK Executive rundown In the cutting edge time's client, arranged administrations are required to profit the clients in an acceptable way. Specialist co-ops need to look into what the clients would need to fulfill their necessities. Such research would guaran tee the arrangement of value benefits that would be valued by their clients. This would accomplish consumer loyalty that would add to the clients being faithful to the item.

The Call of Cthulhu - Creepy Essay Samples

The Call of Cthulhu - Creepy Essay SamplesThe Call of Cthulhu is a disturbing and original horror novel from New York Times bestselling author of The Woods. This dark novella by John Langan deals with a strange and dark entity haunting the Michigan woods, and you'll soon find out what makes it so disturbing.An old acquaintance of the protagonist Nick has disappeared without a trace, leaving behind a musty scent. Nick, feeling that his friend has been 'seen with something' isn't sure what becomes more intrigued as he stumbles upon a diary belonging to a missing girl named Annabel. From there, Nick becomes involved in an investigation of Annabel's disappearance. The Call of Cthulhu is the name given to this mystery.You'll find that the book is filled with a creepy dark entity that creeps into the minds of people, causing them to run screaming in terror. This entity can manifest itself in many ways, but generally it takes the form of a creepy monster, and although its real name is never revealed, we do know it's one of the worst monsters imaginable. This creature moves quickly and strikes in sudden panic. These are only some of the elements of The Call of Cthulhu.If you're a fan of scary books, you'll want to pick up this book, as it contains several different scary scenarios, for example, an insane person jumps out of a window while in a pool and hits an unsuspecting victim. It also has a scene where a person is eating dinner when suddenly a shadowy figure comes running in.You'll find that the book also contains several other scary essay samples, such as the scary list of objects that children should not touch or see, as well as the creepy essay on cats. You'll be fascinated by the various dark essay samples that John Langan included, which gives the reader the whole of the creepy experience.You'll also find that the book contains creepy essay samples from each chapter, that tells the story in the most frightening manner possible. The Call of Cthulhu is written i n first person by the narrator, which gives the reader the best possible experience. The narrator is Nick, and his voice is so sinister that it really takes you into the story, where you can feel the horror.Another essay sample in the book describes a mysterious entity that appears in your dreams and causes the person sleeping to scream. It then goes on to say that each time you see this mysterious entity, you feel that it's advancing on you. You are terrified that night, until you awake from a particularly horrible nightmare.The Call of Cthulhu is a unique book, which will surely satisfy any reader, whether they're fans of literary novels or horror novels. You'll find that the book includes several scary essay samples, as well as several pieces of original fiction. The Call of Cthulhu is a must read for any horror reader.

The Attitudes of the Poets in Warning and Old man Essay

The Attitudes of the Poets in Warning and Old man Both poems represent a picture of old age. Jenny Josephs view of what she imagines life will be like, and her expectations, where-as U A Fanthorpes observation of old age, is of her father, and is written from her own experience. Jenny Joseph sees old age as a positive experience. She seems to believe she will be free from responsibility. I shall go out in my slippers in the rain. She suggests these are the things she would enjoy to do now, but if she were to actually do these now, people would disapprove of her actions. She assumes that when she gets old, others will accept childish actions. Jenny Joseph does not see herself unable to do anything that she can do†¦show more content†¦The behaviour she sees as attractive is either behaviour, which adults think and older person may enjoy doing for attention. Press alarms ============== She describes things she could have possibly seen old people do. She also believes that these actions could have been purposely chosen to do. She trys to dismiss the negative issues of old age. She seems to feel being a responsible adult is tedious and restricting. Jenny Joseph uses old age as a justification to be eccentric. She wants to change societies expectations of a responsible adult, who is given the image of setting a good example, to someone who is conventional and diverse. Old Man, Old Man shows examples of a shocking picture of growing elderly. Fanthorpe is recounting her fathers aging. It is said, that as you get older you become less independent, so for him, it is not freedom and liberation it is growing vulnerability. This would probably be the behaviour he would not have chosen for his life, as he has no control over how he lives and what his choices are, and his life is ruled by schedules. If youve smoked youre timetabled cigarette? 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The Women s Rights Movement - 2205 Words

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Environmental Challenges Facing American Auto Industry Essay

Environmental challenges facing American Auto industry Introduction The first gasoline powered automobile was built 1885 in Germany. The first car was engineered by Henry Ford in 1896. He took things a notch higher by establishing an assembly line which enabled him to mass produce the vehicles thus making them affordable to the consumers. The use of automobiles has since increased in the US and other parts of the world. By 1999, the US alone had over 200 million passenger cars and light trucks. The number of cars worldwide grew thrice faster than the human population. The increase in the number of automobiles has become a matter of great concern as it leads to serious air pollution. For instance, European Environment Agency reported that transportation emission presents a huge threat to the environment. Global competition in the industry: During the first half of this century, automobile imports were negligible on American roads. For instance in 1950s, only 21,287 automobiles were imported and local manufacturers ignored their presence in the belief that the imports were small and low quality. However, foreign automobiles have since set the quality benchmark and in 1986 reached an all-time high of 4.1 million units. In 1980s the big three auto makers (Ford, General Motors, and Fiat/Chrysler) formed joint ventures with Japanese automakers in order to capitalize on consumer attitude towards foreign automobiles. 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International Journal Emerging Technology -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The International Journal Emerging Technology? Answer: Introduction This report is all about Headspace which is an organization that works with various youth ranging from 12 to 25 who have a mental ill health (Ameller et al.,2012). Depression and anxiety are most common type of health problems. Initially they are thinking to build a system which the easily capture the story at the first time it told. This will ultimately help the various professionals so that various case notes and story can be easily upgraded and young person can be treated in a better way. In this report various parameters like non-functional requirement, strength and weakness of cloud based solution, SDLC approach has been discussed in brief. Non-functional requirement consists of various parameters like critical system qualities, interface of requirements and system constrain has been discussed in brief. Use of FURPS that is functional usability, reliability, performance and security, comparison has also been discussed (Tiwari Mishra, 2012). Three comparison and contraction between non-functional and functional requirement has been discussed. Discussion Non-Functional requirement in software system engineering is nothing but software requirement which does not describes the function of software on the contrary it stresses on the fact that how the software will perform the work (Filieri, Ghezzi Tamburrelli, 2012). It focuses on certain areas like performance requirement of software, External requirements of software, design constraint and quality of software attributes. It checks the usability and efficiency of the entire system. It defines many system attributes like security, reliability, performance, maintainability, scalability and usability. Non-Functional Requirements Critical system can be either complex integrated system or small subsystems which refers to the quality and performance of which are critical and performance of a large system. System Interface The ultimate goal of system is to transform input into output. Inputs must come from any system that generally comes from other system and similar the output is generally made into other system and so interface can be defined as the collection of inputs and outputs of a system. User interface requirements A user interface is nothing but a part of physical product, system or designed software which shows the detail implementation of product, system and requirements of software. Design of user interface in one of the biggest activity that is being carried out in the definition of requirement. FURPS+ FRUPS many stands for Functionality, Usability, Reliability, Performance, and supportability which is provided over the period of time. FURPS is a useful technique which is required to check the basic requirements after making a clear view of the needs of the client. F in the FRUPS checks the features of different product that are familiar with the business domain of the solution that is developed. Functional requirement includes certain function like auditing, licensing, reporting, security and management of the system. Usability focuses on certain areas like capturing and relating the requirements on the interface issue of user. It emphsizes on certain areas like accessibility, interface and consistency (Ameller et al.,2012). Performance involves certain things like information through system, response time of given system, recovery and start up time. Supportability in the part where a number of other requirements such as testability, adaptability and many other factors. The plus s ign in FRUPs refers other parameters like design, implementation, interface and physical constraints. Non-functional requirements vs Functional Requirement Functional requirement specifies the function of a system or in other words it describes the particular requirement of function of a system when certain conditions are meet (Tuteja Dubey, 2012). Typical functional requirement includes business rules, administrative function, authentication, authorization, external interference and historical data. Non-functional requirements specify on the system can perform a given function. Non-Functional requirement describes the behavior of a system and limits its functionality (Blackwell, Lucas Clark, 2014). Nonfunctional requirement focuses on certain area that is performance, capability, maintainability, regulation and data integrity. Strengths and weaknesses of cloud based solutions There are certain advantages for using cloud computing for the storage of mental health data for this organization that is headspace (Bibi, Katsaros Bozanis,2012). Headspace is an organization that works for the youth whose age ranges from 12 to 25 and they experience a mental illness. The advantages are cost effective, usability, bandwidth, accessibility, data recovery during disaster. There are certain disadvantages also like usability, Bandwidth, accessibility, data security and software. Now the advantages will be discussed in brief that usability of cloud storage provides a wonderful option to the various user to easily drag and drop various files between cloud storage and their local storage (Khan et al., 2016). Cloud storage provides a wonderful option like various employees of head space can easily email the link of the patient file to the respective professionals and therefore it reduces the burden of uploading and sending the whole file. Employees of this organization can easily access the required patient file from any device through an internet connection. Cloud storage provide a option of disaster recovery in which it can act as backup plan in case of emergency for this organization that is headspace. Cloud storage will be cost effective for headspace as cloud storage cost about three cents per gigabyte for internal storage of data and there is no requirement of internal power for the storage of information. On the contrary it has some disadvantages of using cloud storage that is the employees of Headspace must be careful about the fact while using drag and drop option as this will permanently move the document from original location to cloud storage location (Balaji Murugaiyan, 2012). In this way some important files of various patients can be easily lost. Headspace must look for cloud service providers that provides unlimited bandwidth as there are certain cloud service provider that charges a certain amount of money if they cross the given limit. The biggest disadvantage that this organization will face is that it cannot access important files on cloud storage without a proper internet connection (Chung, Nixon Mylopoulos, 2012). Employees of Headspace need certain software if they want to access important files through multiple devices. Security of data is an important factor as there are many cases of data breach in cloud storage on the contrary cloud storage promises to provide se curity of important data. Data can be easily stored and can be kept secure in cloud storage and if their certain third-party products then it will not affect the laws of Australia as there are certain third-party application that will protect the given data from authorized use, reproduction, external distribution or publication and it will also prevent the usage of data which is manly used for identifying person. Various third-party application ensures that the data which is stored on cloud is only accessible to more than two individual or employees within provided health network (PHN). SDLCApproach SDLC stands for System Development Life Cycle or Project life cycle and it consists of eight steps that is initiation, planning, analysis, design, construction, QA testing implementation, support. Predictive approach to a given project are those in which an individual can assume the steps and the user is needed to take and after that a plan is made on it (Elliott, Huizinga Menard, 2012). The most common type of predictive method is Waterfall and its pros and cons has been discussed below. Predictive approach checks on sequential planning of phases and then execution of it with little or no overlap. Adaptive approach is related to the scope of project it can change as per the needs or requirement of the project. The most common type of adaptive approach is Agile. Pros and cons of Predictive approach Pros of Predictive approach is that Waterfall model are on managed projects waterfall model can be proved to provide more confidence to team to the team members and it reduces the burden of team members to be co-located (Mahalakshmi Sundararajan, 2013). Waterfall model can be useful for managing interface and dependencies which are merely present outside the development of product as this model have certain tools for managing the models. Cons of Predictive approach is that many organization and people cannot find the requirements of the project and made assumptions may be flawed (Modi et al., 2013). Risk in this approach can be higher in waterfall model as it has invalid assumptions in it. Waterfall projects are made up of teams within team and this factor can be considered to be the major disadvantage of Waterfall. Pros and cons of Adaptive approach Pros of adaptive approach is that agile has some practices that are suitable of the developers for current development. Agile model helps the developers and clients which ultimately helps in getting proper feedback (Ameller et al.,2012). This model help is reducing the silos which exits in teams working on the project and which can damage the projects. Cons of adaptive approach is that although agile model is very simple to understand on the contrary it is very hard at first attempt (ODriscoll, Daugelaite Sleator, 2013). This model has less prediction of what is delivered as the end result. Agile model requires a high level of collaboration and regular communication between developers and user of the product. From the above discussion it can be stated that Predictive approach of SDLC is better for the given project (Rao, Sasidhar Kumar, 2012). Predictive approach of SDLC that is waterfall model is better for this given project. Waterfall model is good for any project related to information technology and this is IT of Headspace organization Conclusion From the above discussion it can be concluded that the report emphasizes on non-functional requirement, review of cloud based solution and approach of SDLC. The beginning of the report is all about qualities of critical system, interface of system, user interface requirements, FRUPs and comparison of non-functional and functional requirement. The next part of the report is about the strength and weakness of cloud based solution and sensitive nature of mental health data and its security has been discussed. The last part of the report provides a brief description about the pros and cons using predictive SDLC, pros and cons of Adaptive SDLC and proper recommendation for this project is also provided. All the above-mentioned factors are being related to the Australian mental health organization that is Headspace. References Ameller, D., Ayala, C., Cabot, J., Franch, X. (2012, September). How do software architects consider non-functional requirements: An exploratory study? InRequirements Engineering Conference (RE), 2012 20th IEEE International(pp. 41-50). IEEE. Balaji, S., Murugaiyan, M. S. (2012). Waterfall vs. V-Model vs. Agile: A comparative study on SDLC.International Journal of Information Technology and Business Management,2(1), 26-30. Bibi, S., Katsaros, D., Bozanis, P. (2012). Business application acquisition: on-premise or SaaS-based solutions?.IEEE software,29(3), 86-93. Blackwell, D. L., Lucas, J. W., Clarke, T. C. (2014). Summary health statistics for US adults: national health interview survey, 2012.Vital and health statistics. Series 10, Data from the National Health Survey, (260), 1-161. Chung, L., Nixon, B. A., Yu, E., Mylopoulos, J. (2012).Non-functional requirements in software engineering(Vol. 5). Springer Science Business Media. Elliott, D. S., Huizinga, D., Menard, S. (2012).Multiple problem youth: Delinquency, substance use, and mental health problems. Springer Science Business Media. Filieri, A., Ghezzi, C., Tamburrelli, G. (2012). A formal approach to adaptive software: continuous assurance of non-functional requirements.Formal Aspects of Computing,24(2), 163-186. Khan, F., Jan, S. R., Tahir, M., Khan, S., Ullah, F. (2016). Survey: Dealing Non-Functional Requirements at Architecture Level.VFAST Transactions on Software Engineering,9(2), 7-13. Mahalakshmi, M., Sundararajan, M. (2013). Traditional SDLC Vs Scrum MethodologyA Comparative Study.International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering,3(6), 192-196. Modi, C., Patel, D., Borisaniya, B., Patel, H., Patel, A., Rajarajan, M. (2013). A survey of intrusion detection techniques in cloud.Journal of Network and Computer Applications,36(1), 42-57. ODriscoll, A., Daugelaite, J., Sleator, R. D. (2013). Big data, Hadoop and cloud computing in genomics.Journal of biomedical informatics,46(5), 774-781. Rao, N. M., Sasidhar, C., Kumar, V. S. (2012). Cloud computing through mobile-learning.arXiv preprint arXiv:1204.1594. Tiwari, P. K., Mishra, B. (2012). Cloud computing security issues, challenges and solution.International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering,2(8), 306-310. Tuteja, M., Dubey, G. (2012). A research study on importance of testing and quality assurance in software development life cycle (SDLC) models.International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE),2(3), 251-257.

The Purloined Letter by Edgar Allan Poe A critical analysis Essay Example

The Purloined Letter by Edgar Allan Poe: A critical analysis Paper Edgar Allan Poe is a master of the short story form. All the skill and craft required of a short story are evident in The Purloined Letter. This short detective fiction is about displaying the cleverness of the investigator (Auguste Dupin) in solving a case. As is the norm in this genre of fiction, â€Å"the criminal is caught and the victim suffers, but the investigator flourishes, acquiring pleasure from the hunt and both egotistical and financial gratification from the solution.† (Thoms 141) In The Purloined Letter, the detective fully exercises his powers of reasoning and deduction to arrive at the solution to the riddle. In his regard, one can equate this work by Poe to those numerous Sherlock Holmes stories written by Sir Conan Doyle. But there are certain features that distinguish the story from others in the genre. Firstly, Poe has crafted the plot in such a deliberate manner that there is symmetry of thought and action by the characters. Secondly, Poe applies psy chological analysis in attributing meaning to, and anticipating actions of, the characters in the story. Thirdly, Poe subtly raises questions of morality through the means of actions of the characters. The rest of this essay will elaborate these points. An obvious feature of The Purloined Letter is its lack of pronounced mystery or suspense, for the identity of the thief, the manner of the theft and the motivations behind it are all openly disclosed. The only question is the exact place where the letter is hidden. The gravity of this question lies in the fact that the letter is a crucial document, upon whose access the Royal Lady’s illicit affair could be exposed. Indeed, â€Å"in the Minister’s and Dupin’s struggle to possess this letter, this hidden story of transgression, brilliantly dramatizes the contest for narrative control that underpins detective fiction.† (Davidson 219) A key passage in the story where Poe applies psychological analysis is when Dupin explains to his friend how he went about calculating the intelligence of the Minister and consequently using this measure to speculate on his likely behaviour. Estimating the Minister’s intelligence to be very high, Dupin infers that the p ossible methods employed by him to hide the letter will also be clever. In this way, the Minister is a match to Dupin’s own high intelligence, allowing the latter to mirror and predict the former’s thought and behaviour. An illustration of the Minister’s intelligence is his first accidental encounter with the royal lady’s letter, where, We will write a custom essay sample on The Purloined Letter by Edgar Allan Poe: A critical analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Purloined Letter by Edgar Allan Poe: A critical analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Purloined Letter by Edgar Allan Poe: A critical analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer â€Å"after discerning the hidden story through a brilliant act of reading in which his lynx eye immediately perceives the paper, recognises the handwriting of the address, observes the confusion of the personage addressed, and fathoms her secret, the Minister conceives the plan of pocketing the letter and then blackmailing the lady.† (Thoms 141) Another merit of the story is the remarkable symmetry in the plot. The Minister, being a cunning and clever man, scripts the scenario in which he gains possession of the scandalous letter. For example, he manufactures a letter that looks similar to the lady’s secret possession and opens it and pretends to read it. Without raising any suspicion, he places casually places it next to the lady’s letter. After finishing his conversation, as he gestures to part, he nonchalantly picks up the lady’s letter. Even if the lady notices that it is her letter which is being taken, she cannot object to it, for it would give away her secret. Dupin’s masterful counterplot to steal back the letter from the Minister is conceived on similar lines, lending symmetry to the plot. (Thoms 141) The symmetry extends further, for both Dupin and the Minister are poets and authorial figures, who â€Å"can read circumstances and script the action; they share the initial D; and they both purloin the letter, an action which promises profit and allows us to see more clearly how detection becomes a kind of thievery as the investigator assumes possession of the hidden story and of the characters contained within it.† (Thoms 141) Poe’s genius is also evident in how he criminalizes the solving of crime itself, thereby raising questions of morality. In other words, far from acting on noble intentions, Dupin undertakes to solve the crime only for personal benefit, namely a check for 50,000 francs. He hardly breaks a sweat for this hefty pay, for the prefect was the one made to pursue standard search and seizure protocols, which prove futile. Having thus eliminated the usual hiding places for the letter through the Prefect’s testimony, Dupin makes his master move like a seasoned chess player. Moreover, the method he employs is not ethically above that of the Minister, for Dupin too resorts to stealing. Here, Poe is highlighting the moral ambiguity of the whole enterprise. The moral ambiguity is further heightened when we take into account how the Royal Lady’s mission to get back the letter is not officially notified to authorities. Instead, she uses her position of power to use state ap paratus for personal purposes. So, her actions are ethically dubious as well. Hence, The Purloined Letter is more than a mere detective story, for the detective and his client are not decidedly the righteous lot. In other words, â€Å"Poe proceeds to destabilize what he has wrought by challenging the apparent opposition between good detective and bad criminal. The story critiques the authority of the detective, subverts his solutions, and thus resists closure. From the making of the facsimile and the act of re-stealing the three Dupin stories seem preoccupied with reflection, repetition, and the blurring of boundaries†¦we glimpse how the imaginative Dupin adopts the character and perspective of the ostensible criminal.† (Thoms 142) Through a careful reading of The Purloined Letter, one can decipher a broader psychological device that Poe applies to his short stories. The key factor behind Dupin’s successful resolution of the case is his anticipation. This is made possible by being able to understand and rely on the pattern of behaviour of his subject – the Minister. Poe refers to it as ‘simplicity’, the â€Å"unitary characteristic of both mind and world† that aids Dupin’s predictions. Here, Poe is trying to approximate human behaviour to a scientific law by setting up a formula by which the several modes of human thought and action could be understood. First, â€Å"there was the action of the commonplace, ordinary mind — the â€Å"real† side of man — which conformed to a calculus of probability simple to unmask merely by putting one’s own mind in logical reference and identification with it: Poe’s analogy was the boy who could easily outwit his fellows by guessing in which hand the marble was held. Next, the more complex, original mind was impelled toward simplicity, toward final and ultimate comprehension. It was the character of this mind to conceal itself, as did Minister D behind some other or inverted calculus of relevance.† (Davidson 219) Works Cited Davidson, Edward H. Poe: A Critical Study. Cambridge, MA: Belknap-Harvard UP, 1957. Hayes, Kevin J., ed. The Cambridge Companion to Edgar Allan Poe. Cambridge, England: Cambridge UP, 2002.

Free Essays on Service Learing

Coaching at Deer Park Elementary School My service - learning project was working with elementary school students (grades k – 5) at Deer Park Elementary School in the Physical Education department. Going into this project I thought it was going to be a breeze and that my leadership skills were going to just erupt and shine right away. This assumption turned out to be far from right. My first time out to the school I was a little timid and shy. I was basically just sitting back and doing what the P.E. coach told me to. I wasn’t really interacting with the kids as much as I wanted to and I also think that I wasn’t interacting as much as they wanted me to either. My leadership skills were turning inside me just waiting to burst out but for some reason I wasn’t letting them. My second visit to the school I was like a whole different person. I had the feel for everything and everybody around me. I was much more active and interactive with the students. While I was working with the students I was not only displaying my leadership skills but I was also building close relationships with them. â€Å"There can be no friendship without confidence and no confidence without integrity† –Samuel Johnson (Covey 185). This quote is very true. Confidence is the key word in this quote. When a person has confidence in themselves as well as the others around them it makes for a good solid relationship. That quote not only made my confidence level rise it helped me understand how I could relate to the kids without necessarily having to be an authority figure. I told myself while entering this project that the first thing I will do is try to get the students to respect me as a person. The reason I wanted to do that first was so the students would trust me later in the class when I had to help them with drills and athletic skills. I also wanted them to be able to talk to me as if I was just another one of their friends and not a s... Free Essays on Service Learing Free Essays on Service Learing Coaching at Deer Park Elementary School My service - learning project was working with elementary school students (grades k – 5) at Deer Park Elementary School in the Physical Education department. Going into this project I thought it was going to be a breeze and that my leadership skills were going to just erupt and shine right away. This assumption turned out to be far from right. My first time out to the school I was a little timid and shy. I was basically just sitting back and doing what the P.E. coach told me to. I wasn’t really interacting with the kids as much as I wanted to and I also think that I wasn’t interacting as much as they wanted me to either. My leadership skills were turning inside me just waiting to burst out but for some reason I wasn’t letting them. My second visit to the school I was like a whole different person. I had the feel for everything and everybody around me. I was much more active and interactive with the students. While I was working with the students I was not only displaying my leadership skills but I was also building close relationships with them. â€Å"There can be no friendship without confidence and no confidence without integrity† –Samuel Johnson (Covey 185). This quote is very true. Confidence is the key word in this quote. When a person has confidence in themselves as well as the others around them it makes for a good solid relationship. That quote not only made my confidence level rise it helped me understand how I could relate to the kids without necessarily having to be an authority figure. I told myself while entering this project that the first thing I will do is try to get the students to respect me as a person. The reason I wanted to do that first was so the students would trust me later in the class when I had to help them with drills and athletic skills. I also wanted them to be able to talk to me as if I was just another one of their friends and not a s...

Case Study on Research in Motion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case Study on Research in Motion - Essay Example Problem Definition With the introduction of Apple’s iPhone in the mobile industry, it was expected that market for BlackBerry would be hit severely. Common perception was that market for mobile phones was already over-congested and any new entry could have debilitating effect on Research in Motion (RIM). Jim Balsillie, the co-CEO of RIM, also felt the emerging challenge to RIM from the new technology convergence and started planning a strategy to position his company for capturing maximum market coverage (Carayannopoulos, 2012). Jim Balsillie considered iPhone as â€Å"one more entrant into an already very busy space.† RIM’s enterprise market was the target of competitors. Balsillie wanted to pursue a strategy the like of water rafting, with the purpose of attaining, â€Å"every last dollar [he could] possibly get† in revenue but also safeguarding his ship from the â€Å"rocks† lying in the way and place the company securely (Carayannopoulos, 2012, p. 1). According to Donnelly (2011) RIM’s stay in the market could be doubtful with the arrival of other strong entrants in the marketplace. Consumers have Apple’s iPad and the latest release iPad2. Another competitor, Cisco, is also fully prepared with its integrated release of Cius tablet, offering tough competition to RIM. Problem Analysis The consumer market for RIM’s Blackberry products, namely the Blackberry â€Å"Pearl† and the Blackberry â€Å"Curve†, according to market analysts, was an intelligent move, as it would offer RIM vast consumer market full of potential customers; also the enterprise market was comparatively smaller than the consumer market. It was definite, as observed by market analysts that with the advancement in technology and increase in competition, challenges before the RIM management in the context of realizing sales targets were genuine (Carayannopoulos, 2012). Global wireless market had been showing seamless growth an d subscribers were sure to cross the 3 billion mark by the end of 2007. Wireless device users were divided in different market segments of consumer using the mobile instrument for personal use, the prosumer using it for both business and personal use, and the enterprise segment where the device was wholesomely purchased for employee use. Market was already overcrowded with players such as Nokia and Motorola possessing comprehensive brand image, financial strength, experience, and network carrier collaborations worldwide. Their handsets were cost-competitive but were deficient in some sections such as data transmission and players like Nokia had collaborations with other partners for embedding email feature in their devices (Carayannopoulos, 2012). iPhone with dimensions of 4.5 by 2.4 by .46 was available to users with one large touch-screen functionality. Various features of iPhone such as email, camera, videos, music, and internet, according to analysts, set its class distinctly in multimedia. All reviews although were not as promising, as the whole web pages could be seen as on a computer and downloading was slack due to the sluggish speed of the AT & T’s network. There were other crucial business add-on features missing such as Microsoft Office/Exchange enabling both voice and non-voice data exchange and downloading over the internet. Balsillie finds Apple’s strategy of compelling subscribers to visit Apple’s iTunes music stores for activating the phones in

The Causes of Party Polarization in America Term Paper

The Causes of Party Polarization in America - Term Paper Example Polarization is defined in politics as the process through which public opinions are divided and go to extremes (Baumer and Howard 22). Party polarization is defined as the process through which extreme factions within a political party gain some form of dominance within the party. In such a case, the moderate factions tend to lose influence and power. In recent years, the United States political system has witnessed increased polarization. Party polarization has had consequences in the United States especially with respect to policymaking. Whereas the parties tend to go to the extremes, the public opinion does not really go to the extreme. That notwithstanding, party polarization greatly shape public opinion especially in regard to policy. Party polarization is very evident in both the Congress and the Senate (Ura and Christopher 280). The state of American politics is increasingly colored by partisan polarization: the two major political parties have grown ideologically more unifie d internally and farther apart from each other. As the two parties’ policy preferences diverge further from each other at the elite level, it naturally becomes more difficult for the two to work together. With the shrinking rank of ideological moderates, â€Å"the possibilities of bipartisan negotiation and compromise diminish.† Today the two parties clash with each other more often and more strenuously and vigorously than recent history in Washington and in state capitals. Party-based conflicts, policy stagnation, and paralysis inspired by party competition seem to have become the norm in the early twenty-first century. It is against the above background that it is important to understand party polarization in the United States. To achieve this, this paper will seek to respond to the following questions: What are the roots of partisan polarization? What specific developments in the emergence of the political parties led to party polarization? What are the main contrib uting factors to the re-emergence of party polarization? How is partisan polarization linked to deeper cultural divisions within American society? What have been the policy consequences of partisan polarization for the policy process? Roots of Partisan Polarization Partisan polarization in American politics traces its roots from the period of the Civil War. However, it became more apparent after the attainment of American independence. Over the past century and a half, the American political system has been dominated by two main parties. Third parties that have emerged from that time achieved some measured success, but in the end, they have usually been absorbed by one of the dominant parties (Frymer 336). Partisan polarization has been as a result of ideological differences that can be traced throughout the American political history; it has emanated from the ideological divide of liberalists versus conservatives. It is also important to note that there are other factors apart from the ideology that has been critical in creating partisan polarization; for example, geographical divisions have been so evident as parties have taken the dimensions of the â€Å"Southern† or â€Å"Northern† wings (Pearson 1). While the rapid rise in partisan polarization is relatively recent, the origins of party polarization are not; in fact, much of what we see today can be traced back to the early twentieth century.

Mesothelial-Mesenchymal Transition (MMT) Mechanism

Mesothelial-Mesenchymal Transition (MMT) Mechanism Mesothelial cells play a vital role in maintaining the structure of peritoneal membrane and peritoneal homeostasis. During long term peritoneal dialysis, prolonged exposure of peritoneum membrane to peritoneal dialysis solution causes peritoneal fibrosis. Bioincompatible dialysis fluid causes mesothelial cells to undergo uncontrolled mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition triggered by Transforming growth factor-ÃŽÂ ²1, which leads morphological and functional disruption of membrane. This literature review is about mechanism of mesothelial -mesenchymal transition (MMT), myofibroblasts and its origin hypothesis, clock genes and their cross relation with organ fibrosis. 1.1 Peritoneum anatomy Peritoneum is defined as gliding membrane, composed of mesothelial cells maintained by basement membrane and thin layer of connective tissue. It consists of two distinct layers of mesothelium, known as parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum. Parietal peritoneum lines the peritoneal cavity and comes from somatic mesoderm of the embryo. Visceral covers the external surface of most abdominal organs and derived from splanchnic mesoderm of the embryo. Peritoneal cavity is potential space between both layers and is comprised of small amount of lubricating fluid, also known as serosal fluid which prevents friction between closely packed organs and allows free movement of them. [1,2] The primary function of peritoneal membrane is to provide support to abdominal organs. It also acts as passage to their blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves. Peritoneal cavity is rich in number of cells like mesothelial cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, adipocytes and immune cells like macrophages, T cells, B cells, mast cells. Along with cells, they contain cytokines and growth factors, like interleukin-1 (IL-1), Transforming growth factor-ÃŽÂ ²1 (TGF-ÃŽÂ ²1), Fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). All through the development process of peritoneal fibrosis, peritoneal cells will experience changes and some of the pro inflammatory factors which act as inducers to induce fibrosis and inflammatory processes. In this designed project, we are going to focus on mesothelial cells along with Transforming growth factor-ÃŽÂ ² (TGF-ÃŽÂ ²1), which is considered as main mediator of organ fibrosis development. 1.2 Peritoneal Fibrosis caused by peritoneal dialysis Peritoneal Dialysis, an alternative to haemodialysis is being used about more than three decades ago to treat end stage renal disease. During this treatment, PD solution is introduced into the abdomen with the help of tube also known as catheter. This dialysis therapy uses peritoneum membrane as semi-permeable membrane and principle of diffusion, to diffuse waste from underlying blood vessel into the solution. PD solution is major drawback of this treatment which contributes to development of peritoneal fibrosis in patients due to its bioincompatible nature. Long-time exposure to hypertonic environment of PD solution with high glucose concentration, acidic pH, presence of Glucose Degradation Products (GDPs) and Advanced Glycation end-products(AGEs) causing functional and structural alterations in peritoneum membrane. [43] Other factor which triggers fibrosis process in peritoneum membrane during dialysis is peritonitis. Peritonitis is inflammation of peritoneum which is caused by infection that can occur either by using unsterile catheter tube, handling which lead to introduction of micro-organism into abdominal cavity. Interesting research was done by Troidle and team, where they reported that inflammation caused by Gram-positive bacteria in patient peritoneum are better managed than the one caused by gram-negative. [81] Numerous clinical studies carried out to study changes that occur in peritoneum of patients undergoes peritoneal dialysis. Till date, largest peritoneal biopsies study was carried out by William and colleague on total of 212 subjects, out of which 9 were normal individuals, 48 undergoing hemodialysis, 25 uremic and 130 subject undergoing PD. [44] There submesothelial thickness was measured, also were checked for vasculopathy and general morphological features. For normal individuals, submesothelial thickness was 50 à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ­m, patients undergoing hemodialysis and uremic patients was 140 à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ­m and 150 à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ­m respectively and for PD patients, thickness was 270à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ­m. Similar thickness of uremic and haemodialysis patients indicates that uremia can cause change in the peritoneal membrane. Value of submesothelial thickness increased to 700 à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ­m in long term PD patients, which directs towards fibrotic response of peritoneal to PD. They were also able to id entify vascular changes including increasing hyalinization leading to vasculopathy. These findings were confirmed by Plum et al and were able to identify link between increasing thickness of submesothelial layer and increasing transport rate of solutes. [45] 1.3 Mesothelial Cells Structural and Functional Properties Even though being mesoderm origin, mesothelial cells possess various characteristics of epithelial cells. Normally, mesothelial cells are squamous, and flattened in morphology. They are rich in cell organelles, microvilli and cilia are present on the surface. While cilia aim to regulate surfactant secretion, microvilli functions to entrap water and serous exudates in order to guard cell surface from frictional injuries. [5] Glycocalyx created by glycosaminoglycan, proteoglycans, and phospholipids surround mesothelial cells and have dual function. They form non-sticky slippery surface which supports intracoelomic movement and also provide protection against scratch. Mesothelial cells are specialized cells which plays key role in peritoneal homeostasis and maintains the integrity of the peritoneal membrane. The critical roles of mesothelial cells in peritoneum are to secrete and synthesize growth factors, cytokines and chemokines in peritoneal cavity by transport of fluid and solute across the membrane. [6] Mesothelial cells are considered as cells that are first in line in bodys defense system and they are able to sense and responds to signals within their microenvironment. They actively participate in deposition and clearance of local fibrin in the serosa membrane cavities. After mechanical injuries and infections, their fibrinolytic activity is important to prevent and remove any fibrin deposits that may forms. [7] Peritoneal membrane does act as selective permeability barrier to the channel of plasma proteins due to existence of anionic sites on mesothelial cells which in result provide net negative charge to the peritoneum membrane. In normal conditions, mesothelial cells are identified on its ability to express cell markers like occludin, claudin-1, ZO-1, Wilms Tumor-1, and E-cadherin. When mesothelial cells undergo Mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition which we will be explained in detail later; they either unable to express them or their level expression decreases. Therefore, its important to know about all mesothelial cell markers for easy identification within pool of cells. 1.3.1 Cell markers Cell markers are defined as molecules with distinctive genetic and biochemical characteristic. These cell markers are present in cells and can be either proteins, peptides or carbohydrates and mainly present in the cells. They are used to distinguish between different cell types. Some of cell markers are specific to cell types and some are disease specific. For instance, Cancer antigen 125, calretinin and vimentin are tumor markers that are expressed by tumor cells. Some of mesothelial cells markers are positive while some are negative. Markers like hyalurnon, phospholipids, protein phosphate inhibitors-1 are formed by mesothelial cells itself. Table below shows previously studied markers for mesothelial cells and their function. TABLE:- Cell Markers for mesothelial cells MARKER FUNCTION SOURCE REFERENCE AUA1 Immunocytochemical marker of epithelial cells Human [22] Calretinin Diagnostic tool for Hirschsprung Positive marker of mesothelioma Human [23][72] Cancer Antigen(CA) 125 Tumor marker Specific marker for mesothelial cell mass Human [24][73] CD44 Cancer stem cell marker Human [25] CD44H Receptor for hyaluronic acid Positive mesothelial marker Human [26][74] Cytokeratins Epithelial specific marker Expressed by mesothelial cells Human Rat [27][75] Cytokeratin 5/6 Mesothelioma marker Human [28] D2-40 Potential diagnostic marker of mesothelioma Human [29] Desmin Promising differentiating marker of reactive mesothelium from malignant epithelial Human [30] E-Cadherin Cell- cell adhesion marker Used for differentiating benign reactive mesothelial cells Human [31] HBME-1 Negative mesothelial marker in pleura Sensitive mesothelial marker in pleura Human Human [32][33] Hyalurnon Formed by Mesothelial cells Positive mesothelial peritoneal marker Human [34] Keratin Present in extreme amount in mesothelial cells Low amount or negative in mesothelioma Human Human [35] [36] Keratin 7 (K7) Highly expressed by mesothelial cells Human [37] Mcp130 Diagnostic tool for mesothelioma Also used for ovarian carcinomas Human Rat [38] ME1/ME2 Used for identifying both mesothelioma and normal mesothelial cells Human [22] Mesothelin Expressed by both reactive mesothelial cells and epithelioid mesothelioma Human [39] N-Cadherin Human mesenchymal stem cell marker Able to differentiate cardiomyocyte Human Human [30] [76] Phospholipids Formed by mesothelial cells Also known as positive marker for mesothelial cells in peritoneal fluid Human Human [34] [24] ProteinPhosphate Inhibitor-1 Consider as novel positive marker of mesothelium Mouse [40] Thrombomodulin Positive, specific and sensitive marker for mesothelial cells. Human [28] Vimentin Help in identifying mesothelial origin cells Human [41] Wilms Tumour 1 (Wt1) Marker used for differentiate between benign and epithelioid mesothelium Regulates transition of mesothelial into myofibroblasts Human Human [42] [77] 2.0 Fibroblasts in peritoneum To amend injuries in organ and tissues, cell response it in form of fibrosis. Resident fibroblast produces extracellular matrix and collagen. Myofibroblasts are the cells that are produced for carrying out the process of wound healing. In general, myofibroblast are gone through the process of apoptosis after completing healing process. It has been suggested that they become persistence after its mechanism fails and leading to more production and contraction of Extracellular matrix (ECM) and collagen causing fibrotic diseases. 2.1  Myofibroblasts in fibrosis Myofibroblasts are defined as specialized subset of cells, which are considered as the key cells in tissue fibrosis. [9] Electron microscopy showed that myofibroblast have disorganized membrane (changes that occur in actin cytoskeleton), showed presence of stress fibers, microfilament bundles and also showed adhesions in the fibroblastic cells of granulation tissue. [10] Further electron microscopy showed the presence of gap junctions which connects myofibroblasts, thus strengthening the idea of resemblance between myofibroblasts and smooth muscle cell. Myofibroblast main functions are wound healing and connective tissue remodeling. 2.2 Fibroblast differentiation into Myofibroblast To study and analyze functions of myofibroblast, a series of both in-vivo and in-vitro experiments were carried out by Hinz and Gabbiani. [15] They defined the origin of myofibroblasts as a result of 2 step differentiation of fibroblast process. [78] In initial step, fibroblasts differentiate into proto-myofibroblasts during mechanical stress and results in production of stress fibers which contains cytoplasmic actin. They also function to express and establish cellular fibronectin and are also enable to produce contractile force. Term proto-myofibroblast was given to these activated fibroblasts to differentiate them from inactive fibroblasts which are unable to produce contractile force. TGF-ÃŽÂ ²1 along with ED-A fibronectin, under mechanical stress boosts further differentiation of proto-myofibroblast into myofibroblast. They are categorized by extensive ÃŽÂ ±-smooth muscle actin level of expression and produces stronger contractile force than proto-myofibroblasts. This is a lso contributing into connective tissue remodeling. Gabbiani and Hinz also stated that unlike dermal wound healing, in pathological wound healing myofibroblasts do not vanish through apoptosis instead they lead to tissue deformation. In fact, contractures triggered by them are recognized characteristic of organ fibrosis. [79] 2.3 Hypothesis surrounding Myofibroblasts origin The origin of Myofibroblasts in fibrotic tissue has been much debated, with disparate findings likely to stem from the range of different fibrotic diseases investigated and the array of technical approaches taken. [11] Most of the proposed theories have different cellular sources and mechanisms which lead to their origin (Figure 3). Previous studies on dermal fibrosis proposed that mesenchymal-like cells known as pericytes are resident source of myofibroblasts. Immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence of patients biopsies showed phenotype link between pericytes and myofibroblasts. [80] It has been described that pericytes can differentiate into osteoblast, adipocytes, and smooth muscle cells. Research carried out by Lin et al., on Col1a1-GFP mice and Humphreys et al., using FoxD1-Cre knock-in mice, both transgenic mice with aim to identify pericytes in genetically labelled renal stroma to suggest that major source of myofibroblasts is pericytes, a contractile cell. [12, 13] A limitation of the aforementioned studies is the lack of lineage tracing strategies and the use of non-specific markers to identify pericytes. Markers such as CD73, PDGFR- ÃŽÂ ² (Platelet-derived growth factor receptor- ÃŽÂ ²) and neural/glial antigen 2 (NG2) used in these studies are also expressed by resident fibroblasts. Endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndoMT), similar process to EMT can be another potential source myofibroblasts. Study done by Zeisberg on three independent mouse models with chronic kidney diseases to study renal fibrosis found that EndoMT may contribute in fibrosis as about 30-50% myofibroblasts were able to express ÃŽÂ ±-SMA and fibroblast-specific protein-1(FSP-1) and also endothelial cell markers CD31. [16] This indicates myofibroblasts may originate from endothelial cells. Myofibroblasts may also be derived from bone marrow. An elaborate series of studies carried out by Direkze et al., used molecular staining techniques for the detection of Y chromosome markers in irradiated female mice which were transplanted with male bone marrow. [18] They used skin wounding and paracetamol administration to create selection pressure to encourage engraftment of bone marrow derived myofibroblasts. They were able to identify myofibroblasts in the gut through their ability to express o f alpha- smooth muscle actin and their morphologies. These findings are controversial however, as other groups have failed to identify BM derived myofibroblasts. A recent study carried out by Yi Ting Chen et al., did genetic fate mapping of Wilms Tumor-1 positive cells on peritoneal fibrosis models. Fibrosis was induced either by dialysis solution, overexpression of TGF-ÃŽÂ ²1, or sodium hypochlorite. [19] Results of this study postures as a challenge to the significance of mesothelial cells as probable source of myofibroblasts. It showed rather than mesothelial cells, underlying submesothelial resident fibroblast give rise to collagen producing myofibroblast. Results of genetic fate mapping of WT1+ mesothelial cells showed that after peritoneal injury, remaining mesothelial cells repair the disrupted peritoneal membrane by contributing to remesothelialization, but do not undergo MMT. While previous studies used Wt-1 as a biomarker and Cre recombinase to trace the fate of mesothelial cells. This makes it obvious that Chen finding still needs to be confirmed. This study also The last proposed theory for origin of myofibroblast is epithelial -mesenchymal transition. Epithelial-Mesenchymal transition (EMT) is commonly defined as process during which transition to mesenchymal cells, epithelial cells lose their cell-cell adhesion and their polarity. Followed by obtaining mesenchymal markers like FSP 1, HSP47, ÃŽÂ ±-SMA and vimentin but loses epithelial markers. [20] Myofibroblasts derived from epithelial cells through EMT proposed theory got strong piece of evidence from immunohistochemical study of peritoneal fibroblasts of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients carried out by J-Heffernan et al. [14] Biopsies samples were taken from CAPD patients and divided into four groups: normal (I), non CAPD uremic (II), CAPD uremic (III) and non- renal patients with inguinal hernia (IV). Markers like desmin, E-cadherin, cytokeratins, ÃŽÂ ±-SMA and also CD34 were analysed for expression by mesothelial cells and resident fibroblasts. Group I and II did expressed CD34 but no other markers. The reverse pattern was observed in other two g roups. Degree of peritoneal fibrosis is connected with loss of CD34 expression. Myofibroblasts appear to originate from both by activations of resident fibroblasts and by mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition of mesothelial cells. 3.0 Mesothelial-Mesenchymal Transition (MMT) Under regular conditions, Mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition of mesothelial cells is an autoregulated biological process which functions to repair tissues but under uncontrolled situations (Long term Peritoneal dialysis) they can cause Peritoneal fibrosis. 3.1 Stages of MMT Mesothelial -Mesenchymal Transition (MMT) is similar process to Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). Defined as a step-wise and complex process where mesothelial cells undergo modifications in their architecture and molecular functions. [21] [48] Simple steps in which process of MMT occurs starts with the downregulation of intracellular adhesion molecules causing loss of microvilli, apical-basal polarity and disrupting intracellular tight junction. These transition undergoing cells adopt front to back polarity, have increased in their migration capacity, morphological changes and are able to express ÃŽÂ ±-SMA. The main objective of this process is to repair wounded tissues and also play role in process like migration of cells, inducing neoangiogenesis and production of extracellular matrix. Molecules and signaling pathways that play role of either inducers or blocker during the process of MMT are TGF-ÃŽÂ ²1 induced signaling pathways and BMP-7 signaling pathway. They are member of superfamily of growth factors, along with activins/inhibin and growth and differentiation factors (GDFs). Main attention is on growth factors because equilibrium between these factors maintains the epithelial like-phenotypic characteristics of Mesothelial cells and also in acquiring mesenchymal cells characteristics. Studies not only showed that high levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, CTGF and VEGF are expressed by mesothelial cells that undergo MMT. But also that there is connection between expression of these molecules and rate of transport of solute across peritoneal membrane. These molecules are also caught up into fibrotic, angiogenic and also in inflammatory responses. [49][50][51] 3.2 Cell Signaling Pathways Activation of TGF- ÃŽÂ ², master molecule in peritoneal fibrosis during Peritoneal Dialysis, starts MMT signalling cascade with activating receptors that triggers smads- dependent (GSK-3, ÃŽÂ ²-catenin, Lef-1/Tcf, integrin-linked kinase) and smads-independent signalling (H-Ras/Raf/ERK) pathway. [48][52][53][54] Smad are intracellular proteins that functions to transfer signals from TGF-ÃŽÂ ² to nucleus for gene transcription. Smad dependent signalling pathways activates when TGF-ÃŽÂ ² and BMP-7 binds with their respective receptor type II (TGF R-II and BMP R-II respectively). The binding leads to activation of receptors type I of TGF and BMP-7. These receptors type I functions to carry out phosphorylation process. TGF R-I phosphorylates Smad2 and Smad3 in TGF-ÃŽÂ ² pathway and Smad1, Smad5 and Smad8 by BMP R-I. These activated Smads forms heterodimers with Smad4. Followed by translocation of these complexes into the nucleus where they function to activate genes involved in either process of MMT and rMMT (Fig. 5) Presence of few other BMP-7 modulators may affect the signalling of BMP-7. Smad dependent signalling pathway of TGF-ÃŽÂ ² and BMP-7 are controlled by Smad7 and Smad6 respectively. In case of Smad independent pathway of TGF-ÃŽÂ ² and BMP-7 involves a protein kinase TAK1, which functions to regulate processes like transcription and apoptosis. In TGF-ÃŽÂ ² signalling pathway, TRAF6 initiates activation of TAK1 which further leads to activation of p38 and MAPK-JNK signalling pathway. Receptor type I of TGF-ÃŽÂ ² phosphorylates Shc, which helps in activating MAP kinase ERK1/2 signalling pathway. p38 pathway act as blocker of mesothelial cells conversion to mesenchymal. Maybe its due to the fact that XIAB, a protein belonging to the family of inhibitor of apoptosis protein helps BMP-7 to activate p38 signalling pathway. TGF-ÃŽÂ ² also encourages PI3-K/Akt pathway by inactivating GSK-3ÃŽÂ ², to stabilize ÃŽÂ ²-catenin and snail and to activate mTOR. This results in localisation of ÃŽÂ ²-catenin into the nucleus, where they interact with LEF1/TCF, in order to feed into Wnt signalling pathway. They also contribute in the transcription of mesenchyma l-related genes. Furthermore, localisation of snail into the nuclear encourages transcriptional repression of E-cadherin and several other adhesion molecules. Smad dependent or independent pathway, both depicts the fact that TGF-ÃŽÂ ² plays a key role in developing fibrosis by promoting mesothelial to mesenchymal transition. Another fact is BMP-7 plays role of antagonist to TGF-ÃŽÂ ². Utmost studies has used TGF-ÃŽÂ ²1 as their target goal to design therapeutic treatment for peritoneal fibrosis. Most of them intend to control TGF-ÃŽÂ ²1 activity either via drug or synthetic proteins design specifically for this purpose. 3.3 Evidences of Mesothelial-mesenchymal transition (MMT) There are more than enough studies results which clearly supports the process of MMT occurring fibrosis but in 2003, Yanez-Mo et al., published breakthrough in-vitro and in-vivo study where they were able to demonstrated MCs undergoes mesenchymal conversion. [46]. Primarily in vitro studies were carried on by isolating mesothelial cells from patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. These isolated cells were characterized using immunostaining, western blotting, flow cytometry and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Mesothelial cells from omentum from healthy persons were used as control and all results were compared. Morphological analysis sample showed varies morphologies ranging from cobblestone like appearing cells to fibroblast like cells. Mixed morphology and non-epithelioid were also observed in few samples. Level of E-cadherin, cytokeratin and vimentin were analyzed for the mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in mesothelial cell cultures. Results demonstrated not iceably low level of E-cadherin and cytokeratin expression in both cobblestones like cells and non-epithelioid cell as compared to omentum cell cultures. In non-epithelioid cells, vimentin has high expression level. Expression of snail and E-cadherin in mesothelial cells isolated from effluent and omentum were analyzed by the process of RT-PCR. While in omentum mesothelial cells, showed no presence of snail mRNA but increase in expression of these messenger RNA in effluent derived mesothelial cells. These results were established after carrying out in vivo studies of peritoneal biopsy samples. With dual aim of studying anatomical changes in peritoneal membrane and correlating them with functional parameter, Del Peso and team carried out a clinical study. [47] They used peritoneum biopsies taken from thirty-five steady patients which were still taking peritoneum dialysis treatment form last 2 years. They observe loss of mesothelial layer in about 74% patients, fibrosis in 46%, 17% showed presence vasculopathy. With submesothelial cytokeratin staining, 17% showed evidence of EMT. Interestingly, they found that myofibroblasts were present in all patients with EMT but only in 36% without EMT. 3.4 Potential therapeutic approaches to reverse MMT (rMMT) Several studies describe therapeutic strategies which are targeting anti-EMT of Mesothelial cells are emerging as promising treatment against fibrosis development. Tamoxifen is a drug used for treating breast cancer. The tamoxifen is oestrogen receptor and their activity affects action of TGF- ÃŽÂ ²1 has been reported. In year 1991, Clark and team showed noticeable decrease in level of peritoneal fibrosis, when given orally to peritoneal fibrosis patients. Loureiro and team also used this drug to study its effect in early stage of PD induced peritoneal fibrosis. [61] Theyused PD model of mice for in-vivo study and along with that they also did in-vitro study. In vitro studies were carried out with mesothelial cells (MCs) derived from omentum and effluent. Mesothelial cell sample cultures were checked for any change in morphology and also level of E-cadherin expression after treating them with Tamoxifen. For effluent derived MCs, MMT was not reversed by Tamoxifen but some mesenchymal molecules expression was reduced. In mice PD model, they confirmed that MMT and thickness of peritoneal membrane increases parallel. They also observed that Tamoxifen does reduce thickness of peritoneal membrane and improves its function. They also administrated P17 and P144, synthetic peptides that were designed to bind with TGF-ÃŽÂ ²1 directly. [62] It has been reported that in organs like liver, heart, skin these peptides have shown strong antifibrotic effect by blocking biological function of TGF-ÃŽÂ ²1. Bone morphogenic protein-7 (BMP-7) and Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), are two molecules that were successfully demonstrated their ability to inhibit and reverse process of Mesothelial to mesenchymal transition and renal fibrosis in animal models by X Y D et al., and Yang et al. [64] [65] In vitro study carried by Yang and team, where they used histone acetyltransferase inhibitor (HAT) C646 in EMT model of HPMCs. [66] EMT was induced by treating with high glucose. C646 treatment of EMT model, found TGF-ÃŽÂ ²1/Smad3 signalling was blocked. This might provide with a novel therapeutic treatment for peritoneal fibrosis. Even though most of the therapeutic studies focused on mesothelial mesenchymal transition process and TGF-ÃŽÂ ²1, there are other factors that contributes to loss of functional properties of peritoneum. Thus promotin

Wal-Mart Case Study Essays -- Business Analysis Wal Mart

Wal-Mart Case Study Case Review and Recommendations As we have reviewed and studied the strategy, culture, finances and the challenges and successes at Wal-Mart, there are many strategies we see that the company must undertake to hold its dominate position and drive further growth. Herein, we define our top four. These core strategies include: rebuild and recreate its reputation in the face of recent challenges; continue to show price leadership; improve the customer experience; and drive international growth. The financial performance of Wal-Mart continues to be strong. It delivered another record year in 2008 as total net sales increased 8.6 percent to $375 billion. Yet, earnings growth rates and same store sales have slowed. And, the company faces a number of challenges to its operating procedures, reputation and growth prospects. Given the company’s stated objectives of â€Å"growing operating income faster than sales† and increasing shareholder value, the strategies we recommend will directly affect the company’s ability to overcome present challenges and meet these primary financial objectives. Reputation and Brand A key strategic objective, perhaps the most critical for the company going forward, is to rebuild and recreate its reputation. While brand and reputation are closely interlinked, author and business consultant, John Foley, differentiates the two attributes in this manner: â€Å"Brand is inside out. Reputation is outside in† (Foley 3). Wal-Mart’s reputation has waned in the past several years and, according to Foley, â€Å"the... ...and - its promise, image and emotion that it creates - remains relatively strong. The Wal-Mart mission of â€Å"saving people money so they can live better† is clearly and consistently communicated. However, Wal-Mart’s reputation, the â€Å"outside in† view, built on direct experiences, outside opinions, rumors and judgments, must be strengthened. The pillar of its overall business strategy – price leadership – must be maintained. The company’s power and influence can be used to create positive affects in consumers’ lives, not only in their wallets. Finally, growth opportunities exist in the US and beyond. In order to deliver growing shareholder value, the company must continue to reach into emerging markets.

Evaluation Essay of “In Too Deep” Essay

The essay â€Å"In Too Deep† written by Tom Ruprecht was structured similarly as most autobiography essays, and the author’s narrative has conformed to the â€Å"Dramatic Arc†. I am evaluating the essay in â€Å"Dramatic Arc† order and †¦Ã¦  â€¡Ã© ¢Ëœ place people。The writer changed his mind and gained a lot through this travel. At the very beginning, the writer of the essay Tom explained the background of the story: the inciting incident happened on the group trip to Hawaii. Tom used a special technique to arouse the audience’s curiosity: there are two negative phrases â€Å"impossible† and â€Å"instead of† in the beginning of the essay. Also, Tom repeated several times â€Å"kindergartners† and â€Å"uncool† to express the feelings of unhappiness of being treated like a child and felt hostile towards the guide, which has a strong contrast to the feeling of satisfaction with the â€Å"little kindergartnerâ €  in the end of the essay. When describing the guide, Tom also compared the guide with himself: a â€Å"rugged and handsome† guide vs. a â€Å"kindergartner†. His wife was in the tour group too, so Tom thought he lost face. Droven by those complex emotions, Tom asked to get into the cave although he was not interested in it at all at first. At this time, the spelunker Ernie appeared in the story. Through the phrase â€Å"I politely declined, he insisted† implied the frustrating and unpleasant dialogues in the paragraphs that followed. In addition, Tom mentioned that it was his father’s story and words that encouraged him to agree the proposal. We can see that his father has a great influence on him. åŠ   indicate name comparisonç ­â€°Ã¥ ½ ¢Ã¥ ¼ Ã¥Å'â€"ä ¸Å"è ¥ ¿Ã¨ ¿â€ºÃ¥Å½ » Then move to the â€Å"Rising† part of the â€Å"Dramatic Arc†. Tom and Ernie entered into the cave. Tom added a lot of action verbs to show the big difference between them. On the one hand, Tom â€Å"began† to ask to head back, on the other hand, Ernie just â€Å"simply rushed ahead†. â€Å"Slither through†, â€Å"panicked†, and â€Å"began looking around† those v erbs directly describe how Tom could not hide his scared emotions. When I read this part first time, I could know that every one-foot deeper, more fear came into Tom. Next, Tom presented that Ernie is an unprofessional and unreliable person, which made him feel even more  dangerous. There were some details: he could not figure out what substance was on the cave’s roof, and his unprofessional behavior. Next, it is the climax part. Ernie turned off the flashlight and asked the earthquake question in a joking way. Finally, Tom could not stand Ernie any longer, and decided he had to get out of the cave. Here, the extremely terrifying atmosphere was created by Ernie’s words. Although Ernie asked several questions, Tom did not give any vocal response but to describe his own facial expression and his decision to get out. There are not many describing sentences, but we can imagine the temporal unusual air. Then it is time to get back. Unfortunately, they lost their way and they chose the wrong way that had been picked by Tom. In the sentence, â€Å"Ernie, the great spelunker, replied: ‘ Oh, I have a terrible sense of direction.†™ † I think that Tom especially repeated â€Å" the great spelunker† to convey his complaints about his disappointing teammate. Also, the sentence â€Å"Eventually Ernie’s spelunking expertise did kick in† to show Ernie realized the wrong way. The spelunker was just like a soul who was absent all the time and finally appeared. I think this sentence was really successful, because it made Ernie vivid and humorous. The last part is the â€Å"resolution†. Tom and Ernie finally got out of the cave. Tom used the comparison again: the verb â€Å"popped† and â€Å"expect† show his happiness first but the reality was totally adverse. The annoyed group mates standing at the entrance to the cave were really mad at them. The most interesting thing is that the plot reversed again. The handsome guide criticized them in public first, however, he showed his admiration in private, which satisfied Tom’s self-pride to a great extent. Comparing the different attitudes between the beginning and the end, we can explore that the writer changed his mind. He challenged himself to explore the cave, and after this adventure, he felt better about himself and became more confident. He thought he was also a cool and brave man in front of his wife, which is very important to him. The writer Tom was good at describing the atmosphere and dealing with the details, and the atmosphere and details really impressed me. Also, every process of the incident was connected closely, and all of the peoples’ actions had powerful motivations. All in all, I think it is a really successful autobiography essay.

Limited Options Equals Un Limited Deaths - 872 Words

Limited Options equals Un-Limited Deaths Let’s face it, all of us have our days when we’re feeling a little down or just in a bad mood. The issue of mental health is not just a single matter. There are several types of mental illnesses ranging from eating disorders all the way to personality disorders. These mental health states could also be something as little and as common as depression and/or anxiety. The truth is, we all feel â€Å"depressed† every once in awhile. In today’s society we have expectations of how people should live and act. You see all these â€Å"trends† going around on social media : body image, #goals, celebrity lifestyles, fashion sense, etc. The focus on these topics intimidate those with mental health because it†¦show more content†¦Teenagers, an age group that I can relate to very well, try their hardest to get away from any point of being judged because they know that it will only worsen their condition; the misconceptions bring down their self-esteem and they don’t want to talk to anyone; this decreases their amount of options. So tell me now, What options remain? Going to an expensive mental institution because you’re a â€Å"psychopath.† Letting your thoughts and feelings pile up until you can’t take it anymore... a ticking mental time bomb just waiting to explode, or perhaps already has. With every obstacle comes a drop in potential choices to get through the mental health journey, so what’s left is the common end-zone: suicide. In fact, according to the Mental Health Blog, in the United States, about 5,000 teens who experience depression commit suicide every year, which just proves furthermore, the severity of this issue. The great majority of people who experience a mental illness do not die by suicide. However, of those who die from suicide, over 90 percent have a diagnosable mental disorder. When victims approach professionals for help, they usually tend to want to find a physical reason as to why a certain person is feeling â€Å"depressed.† They try to give them pills, when maybe all they really need is to talk about it. Talking makes a difference, it releases the weight of your shoulders, but professionals don’t seem to follow this. That is the problem. Mental